Morphine
- Effective for severe pain.
- Gold standard for opioid analgesia.
- can be administered orally, intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously.
Risks:
- High potential for dependence and abuse.
- Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, constipation, dizziness, and drowsiness.
- Risk of respiratory depression, especially with higher doses or in combination with other CNS depressants.
Histamine release can cause itching and hypotension.